ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to provide standards for the assessment of birthweight, head circumference and crown-heel length for normal, singleton newborns of predominantly West African descent. Data were collected for 10 482 or 94of all recorded births in Jamaica during the two-month period September 1 to October 31, 1986. After editing procedures, data were available for 6178 (birthweight), 5975 (head circumference), and 5990 (crown-heel length). The data presented in tables and growth curves include birthweight, head circumference and crown-heel length for males and females separately, for gestational ages 30-43 weeks. Data sets from the University Hospital of the West Indies in 1990 and 1999 were used to explore the possibility of secular change over the period 1986-1999. In conclusion, these ethnic and gender-specific growth curves are based on the most extensive dataset currently available in Jamaica for babies of West African descent.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Anthropometry , Head/anatomy & histology , Growth , Birth Weight , Cross-Sectional Studies , Jamaica , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis has been investigated in 477 children (243 boys, 234 girls) attending government Basic Schools in Kingston, Jamaica. Enuresis, defined as wet at least 2 nights a week, occurred in 62%, 48%, 42%and 40%at 2, 3, 4 and 5 years of age, respectively. Enuresis, defined as wet at least one night a month, occurred in 68%, 58%, 53%and 52%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the sexes. Children with a family history of enuresis (first degree relatives wet beyound 8 years of age) were more likely to be enuretic than those with no family history, the difference reaching statistical significance for girls (<0.001) and for the sexes combined (p <0.001) but not for boys alone (p=0.06). The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in Jamaican children is higher than reported for Black children elsewhere, which in turn is higher than in their White counterparts. Cultural attitudes to bed-wetting contribute to this variation and have implications for choice of therapy, both in Jamaica and elsewhere.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Male , Female , Enuresis/diagnosis , Enuresis/epidemiology , Attitude , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Age Factors , Black PeopleABSTRACT
A 13-year-old boy with homozygous sickle-cell (SS) disease followed from birth in a cohort study of sickle-cell disease developed empyema of the gallbladder after a known 3-year history of gallstones. At this age, gallstones occur in 30%of cohort study children with SS disease but this is the first patient with specific symptoms
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Male , Cholecystitis , Empyema/complications , Homozygote , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complicationsABSTRACT
A questionnaire on the need and acceptability of antenatal diagnosis (AND) for sickle-cell disease was given to 112 women with homozygous sickle-cell (SS) disease and 117 AS mothers for patients with SS disease, all aged 15-45 years. AND was favoured by 58% of patients and 76% of mothers, the option for termination of an affected pregnancy being the reason in 43% of patients and in 51% of mothers among this group. Fear of the procedure was the commonest reason for not selecting AND. Of the two common methods, chorionic villus samplis (first trimester) and amniocentesis (second trimester), 74% of all women selected the first trimester method, and 93% considered these tests should be available in Jamaica. Faced with the diagnosis of a foetus with SS disease, 30% of patients and 46% of mothers stated they would request termination
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Humans , Female , Prenatal Diagnosis , Attitude to Health , Fetal Diseases/diagnosis , Anemia, Sickle Cell/diagnosis , JamaicaABSTRACT
Ophthalmic assessment was performed on a random sample of 178 black Jamican diabetics. Retinopathy was present in 69%. Severe visual loss (V.A. < ou =**5/200 or < ou = **2/60) had occurred in 11% of eyes, and maculopathy was the commonest cause. Another 9% of eyes were at "high risk" of severe visual loss 2 years from proliferative disease. Diabetes mellitus of greater than 10 years duration was a strong risk factor for retinioathy, maculopathy, severe visual loss and "high risk" of severe visual loss